ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução O ambiente alimentar pode influenciar as escolhas alimentares e de bebidas pela população e seu estado nutricional. Objetivo Caracterizar o ambiente alimentar dos campi de universidade federal do Rio de Janeiro. Método Estudo transversal com estabelecimentos que comercializavam alimentos e bebidas dentro dos campi da universidade. A avaliação do ambiente alimentar foi realizada com a aplicação de um instrumento para coleta das informações: tipo de estabelecimento, alimentos/preparações, modalidade, características, cardápio e informações nutricionais, promoções, propagandas, disponibilidade de alimentos/bebidas, variedade e preço. Os alimentos e preparações observados, a presença de estratégias como informação nutricional, propagandas e promoções foram classificados em facilitadores/ barreiras para alimentação saudável, de acordo com o Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Resultados Participaram do estudo cinco estabelecimentos, quatro eram comerciais e um o restaurante universitário (RU). Todos os estabelecimentos aceitavam dinheiro e cartão, havia cardápio e preço na maioria. Nenhum apresentava informação nutricional. A oferta de frutas/hortaliças foi encontrada em quatro estabelecimentos. A disponibilidade de edulcorante artificial foi encontrada em todos os locais. Observou-se grande variedade de balas (8 ± 7,1), refrigerantes (9 ± 3,7), chocolate (8 ± 7,1), biscoito salgado (8 ± 12,3) e doce (7 ± 9,1). Frutas apresentaram preço médio superior, R$ 3,83, quando comparadas aos salgados, R$ 2,85 e biscoitos, R$ 1,50. Conclusão O ambiente alimentar universitário apresentou maior oferta de alimentos não saudáveis, apresentando barreiras na promoção de práticas alimentares mais adequadas.
Abstract Background The food environment can influence food and beverage choice by the population and their nutritional status. Objective To characterize the food environment of campuses at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Method A cross-sectional study of food and beverage establishments within the university was carried out. The assessment of the food environment was performed with the application of an instrument to collect information: type, food or preparations, mode, characteristics, menu and nutritional information, promotions, advertisements, availability of food or drinks, variety, and price. The observed foods and preparations, the presence of an approach such as nutritional information, advertisements, and promotions were classified as facilitators/barriers for healthy eating, according to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. Results Of the 5 establishments that participated, 4 were commercial and 1 was a university restaurant (RU). All establishments accepted cash and cards, and most had a menu and price. None had nutritional information. The supply of fruits and vegetables was found in 4 establishments. The availability of artificial sweetener was found in all locations. A wide variety of candies (8 ± 7.1), soft drinks (9 ± 3.7), chocolate (8 ± 7.1), salted biscuits (8 ± 12.3), and sweets (7 ± 9.1) were observed. Fruits had a higher average price, R$3.83, when compared to savory foods, R$ 2.85, and biscuits, R$ 1.50. Conclusion The university food environment presented a greater offer of unhealthy foods, presenting barriers to the promotion of more appropriate eating practices.
Subject(s)
Universities , Nutritional Status , Food and Beverages , Eating , Environment , Feeding Behavior , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Food Guide , Nutritional Facts , Diet, HealthyABSTRACT
La venta de productos ultraprocesados y el sobrepeso y la obesidad han aumentado en América Latina en los últimos años. En el Perú, se aprobó la Ley N° 30021 en busca de reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes, sin embargo, el desarrollo de esta Ley se caracterizó por tener continuas modificaciones en los diversos documentos elaborados. El propósito de este artículo es identificar cambios esenciales en los documentos elaborados por el Gobierno y el Congreso en el marco de la Ley N° 30021, específicamente en los temas de regulación de la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas, advertencias publicitarias y parámetros técnicos de nutrientes críticos. Los cambios identificados en los diferentes documentos muestran el dinamismo en el desarrollo de esta política donde la falta de evidencia científica oportuna, la oposición de la industria alimentaria y la falta de consenso político fueron los principales motivos.
The sale of ultra-processed products has increased in Latin America in recent years, as well as the prevalence of overweight and obesity. In Peru, Law No. 30021 passed in an attempt to reduce overweight and obesity in children and adolescents; however, the development of this law was characterized by constant modifications to the documents prepared in this regard. This article aims to identify essential modifications in the documents elaborated by the Government and the Congress within the timeframe of Law No. 30021, particularly those regarding the regulation of food and non-alcoholic beverage advertising, advertising warnings and technical parameters of critical nutrients. The lack of timely scientific evidence, the opposition by the food industry and the lack of political consensus were the main reasons for the detected modifications, which shows the dynamism during the development of this policy.
Subject(s)
Products Publicity Control , Food Publicity , Food Labeling , Legislation, Food , Peru , Politics , Food and Beverages , Products Commerce , PolicyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los patrones alimentarios de los adultos mayores son un aspecto clave en la calidad de vida y la morbimortalidad. Los datos al respecto son escasos en la población argentina. El objetivo fue evaluar los hábitos de consumo de alimentos y bebidas en hogares argentinos según presencia de adultos mayores y nivel de ingreso. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de los Hogares 2017-2018. Se calculó el consumo aparente de alimentos (g o ml) por adulto equivalente por día en tres tipos de hogares según la presencia de adultos >60 años: a) sin adultos mayores (SAM), b) multigeneracionales con adultos mayores (MAM) y c) unigeneracionales de adultos mayores (UAM), estratificados según nivel de ingresos. RESULTADOS: De los 21 254 hogares que registraron compra de alimentos y bebidas en la semana de la encuesta, hubo 64% SAM, 19% MAM y 17% UAM. Los hogares UAM presentaron mayor consumo aparente de alimentos y bebidas, especialmente hortalizas y frutas, legumbres, leche, yogur y quesos, huevos, aceite, frutas secas y semillas, y alimentos de consumo opcional según las guías alimentarias nacionales. El consumo fue creciente a medida que aumentaban los ingresos del hogar. DISCUSIÓN: El análisis evidenció diferencias en los hábitos alimentarios según composición del hogar y nivel de ingreso, y permite planificar estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida de un grupo poblacional en aumento.
Subject(s)
Aged , Nutrition Surveys , Food and Beverages , Socioeconomic Survey , Feeding BehaviorABSTRACT
La presente norma técnica sanitaria, tiene por objeto la regulación sobre la aplicación y uso de los certificados de libre venta extranjeros, para el registro sanitario de alimentos y bebidas preenvasadas, establecer el procedimiento de registro sanitario de productos clasificados como riesgo C, por la reglamentación técnica centroamericana y la autorización de las importaciones especiales según su categoría
The purpose of this technical health standard is to regulate on the application and use of foreign free sale certificates, for the health registration of prepackaged food and beverages, establish the Sanitary registration procedure for products classified as risk C, by the Central American technical regulations and the authorization of the special imports according to their category
Subject(s)
Records , Health , Food and Beverages , Importation of Products , Risk , CommerceABSTRACT
Los análisis microbiológicos de los alimentos, constituyen un componente esencial para evaluar la inocuidad de un alimento y las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM) un requisito sanitario de obligado cumplimiento en los locales gastronómicos. Ambos, son utilizados para evaluar la aptitud de un alimento.. El objetivo es describir la contaminación microbiologica de los alimentos de alto riesgo en la ciudad de Coronel Oviedo, Caaguazú, Paraguay (2015 2016). Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, fueron censados los servicios gastronomicos de la Ciudad de Cnel. Oviedo, y fueron clasificados en alto, mediano y bajo riesgo epidemiologico. Fue realizado un muestreo aleatorio simple y fueron tomados alimentos para su analisis microbiologico. Fueron realizados recuentos para Aerobios Mesofilos (RAM) y S. aureus por la tecnica PETRIFILM. Los coliformes totales, coliformes fecales y E. Coli por la tecnica del NMP. El patogeno analizado fue la Salmonella spp. El limite microbiológico fue dado por la Norma Sanitaria del Ministerio de Salud de Perú "Norma Sanitaria que establece los criterios microbiológicos de calidad sanitaria e inocuidad para los alimentos y bebidas de consumo humano " RM N° 615 2003 SA/DM). Fueron censados y georreferenciados 177 establecimientos y se muestrearon 77 locales. Fueron analizadas 26 muestras sin tratamiento térmico. El 96,2%(25) cumplio RAM y el 88,5%(23) cumplió S. aureus. El 26,9% (7) cumplió la Norma Sanitaria para Coliformes Totales, 3,9%(1) para E. coli. Los alimentos con mayor riesgo fueron los sandwich y las ensaladas. Los sándwich presentaron valores a lo establecido en la legislación para RAM,S. aureus, C. Totales, E. coli y S. aureus. Las ensaladas presentaronrecuentos mayores para C. Totales, E. coli y S. aureus. Las muestras analizadas presentan valores altos para los microorganismos indicadores por lo que se deberá insistir en mejorar las prácticas de manipulación de alimentos. Fueron analizadas 48 muestras con tratamiento térmico. El 72,9%(35) cumplio RAM y el 37,5%(18) cumplió S. aureus. El 27,1% (20) cumplió la Norma Sanitaria para Coliformes Totales, 33,3%(16) para E. coli. Los alimentos con mayor riesgo fueron las empanadas y hamburguesas, los cuales presentaron valores a lo establecido en la legislación para RAM, S. aureus, C. Totales, y E. coli. No fue aislada Salmonella spp. en ninguna de las muestras. Se observaron fallas en el cumplimiento de las BPM para muchos ítems, entre ellos el origen de la materia prima, almacenamiento a temperaturas mayores a las recomendadas en las heladeras, congeladoras y en las vitrinas exhibidoras. Asimismo, los manipuladores presentan malos hábitos, a pesar de tener buen aspecto. Se observan practicas que favorecerían la contaminación cruzada. Es prioritario la implementación por parte del Municipio de Cnel.Oviedo, de un Programa de Control de Alimentos a fin de eliminar o disminuir los riesgos durante la manipulación de alimentos. Palabras claves: contaminación, microbiología, alimentos, alto riesgo, Caaguazú, Paraguay .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Health , Food and Beverages , Food , Food Handling , Paraguay , Salmonella , Environmental Pollution , Escherichia coliABSTRACT
Internet permitió expandir la promoción de alimentos/bebidas a diferentes medios. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las estrategias de marketing en sitios web de marcas de alimentos y bebidas consumidos por niños/as y adolescentes, y clasificarlos según las recomendaciones de las Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina.Se seleccionaron los alimentos/bebidas más consumidos por la población infantojuvenil según la Encuesta Alimentaria Nutricional de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se identificaron las páginas web de las marcas; se analizaron las estrategias de marketing y se clasificaron los alimentos/bebidas promocionados según las Guías.Se encontraron 80 páginas web, donde las estrategias más frecuentes fueron identificación de la marca, beneficios y declaraciones, y vínculos a páginas web y/o redes sociales. El 30 % de los sitios estaban dirigidos a niños/as/adolescentes, donde el 75 % de los alimentos/bebidas promocionados correspondieron al grupo de dulces y grasas, que incluye aquellos de bajo valor nutricional.
The Internet has allowed the expansion of food and beverage advertising in different media. The objective of this study was to identify the marketing strategies used in brand websites of foods and beverages consumed by children and adolescents, and classify them based on the Food Guidelines for the Argentinean Population.The foods and beverages most commonly consumed by the child and adolescent population as per the Survey on Nutritional Food Intake of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires were selected. Brand websites were identified; marketing strategies were analyzed and marketed foods and beverages were classified based on the Guidelines.A total of 80 websites were found; the most common strategies were brand identity, benefits and claims, and links to websites and/or social media. Also, 30 % of sites were aimed at children and adolescents, and 75 % of marketed foods and beverages corresponded to the group of sweets and fats, including those of low nutritional value
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Advertising/methods , Information Dissemination/methods , Marketing/methods , Persuasive Communication , Argentina , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Food and Beverages , Internet , Food Preferences/psychologyABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue describir la oferta y la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas en instituciones educativas y entornos escolares de 15 colegios públicos y privados de Lima en 2019. Se realizaron observaciones inopinadas y se registraron los alimentos ofrecidos, la presencia de advertencias publicitarias, octógonos y la publicidad en quioscos y cafeterías. A la hora de salida se observó la venta ambulatoria de alimentos. Todas las escuelas ofrecían productos ultraprocesados, el 73,3% vendía alimentos con octógonos y el 60% tenía publicidad de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados. En el 86,7% de los colegios había vendedores ambulantes de alimentos, varios de los alimentos eran productos ultraprocesados. Los resultados sugieren un ambiente alimentario no saludable dentro y alrededor de las escuelas, y el incumplimiento de la regulación actual. Resulta necesario mejorar la difusión y supervisión de la política alimentaria, y construir con las escuelas estrategias para promover una alimentación saludable.
Abstract This study aimed to describe the supply and advertising of foods and beverages both inside educational institutions and in their respective local areas in 15 public and private schools in Lima during 2019. Unbiased observations were recorded regarding the types of food available, the presence of octagons, and advertisements used in kiosks and cafeterias. Mobile food vendors were observed at the end of the school day. All schools offered processed products, 73.3% sold food with octagons, and 60% displayed advertising for processed and ultraprocessed foods. Mobile food vendors were observed in 86.7% of schools, several of which were found to sell ultraprocessed products. The results suggest an unhealthy food environment both inside and outside schools, and a noncompliance with current regulations. It is therefore necessary to improve the dissemination and supervision of the food policy, and develop strategies with schools to promote healthy eating.
Subject(s)
Schools , Food and Beverages , Food Publicity , Commerce , Street Food , Food Publicity , Food , Legislation, FoodABSTRACT
El uso de bisfenol-A (BPA) a nivel de la industria global se ha venido incrementando en los ultimos anos, y fueron los mercados emergentes los impulsores de esta demanda creciente. Las aplicaciones de BPA en la industria de los alimentos y bebidas representan solo del 3 al 4% del consumo global de policarbonato, pero su uso esta siendo reexaminado debido a que se conocieron varios trabajos cientificos que indican la existencia de una relacion directa entre el BPA y los efectos adversos para la salud. La contaminacion de los alimentos y bebidas se produce por migracion del BPA desde los envases que los contienen (alimentos enlatados, vinos, etc.), y es la principal fuente de exposicion en el humano. Para evaluar dicha exposicion se desarrollo y valido un metodo analitico por cromatografia gaseosa acoplada a espectrometria de masa para la cuantificacion de BPA total en orina de mujeres embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires en el ano 2013, con un limite de cuantificacion de 2,0 ng/mL y un limite de deteccion de 0,8 ng/mL. De las 149 muestras de orina analizadas, el 66,4% fueron cuantificables, con la mediana de BPA total de 4,8 ng/mL (4,3 ng/mg de creatinina) y la media geometrica de 4,8 ng/mL (4,7 ng/mg de creatinina).
The use of bisphenol-A (BPA) at the level of the global industry has been increasing in recent years, with emerging markets being the drivers of this growing demand. BPA applications in the food and beverage industry represent only 3 to 4% of the global consumption of polycarbonate, but its use is being reexamined because several scientific works were reported indicating the existence of a direct relationship between BPA and adverse effects on health. The contamination of food and beverages is produced by the migration of BPA from the containers that hold them (canned foods, wines, etc.) and it is the main source of exposure in humans. To evaluate this exposure, an analytical method was developed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the quantification of total BPA in urine of pregnant women treated at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires in 2013, with a limit of quantification of 2.0 ng/mL and of detection of 0.8 ng/mL. Of the 149 urine samples analyzed, 66.4% were quantifiable, with a median total BPA of 4.8 ng/mL (4.3 ng/mg creatinine) and a geometric mean of 4.8 ng/mL (4.7 ng/mg creatinine).
O uso de bisfenol-A (BPA) ao nivel da industria global foi aumentando nos ultimos anos, e foram os mercados emergentes que deram impulso a essa demanda crescente. As aplicacoes de BPA na industria de alimentos e bebidas representam apenas 3 a 4% do consumo global de policarbonato, mas seu uso esta sendo reexaminado visto que varios trabalhos cientificos indicando a existencia de uma relacao direta entre o BPA e os efeitos adversos na saude foram conhecidos. A contaminacao dos alimentos e bebidas e produzida pela migracao de BPA das embalagens que os contem (alimentos enlatados, vinhos, etc.) e e a principal fonte de exposicao em humanos. Para avaliar esta exposicao, foi desenvolvido e avaliado um metodo analitico por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas para a quantificacao do BPA total na urina de gestantes atendidas no Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires em 2013, com um limite de quantificacao de 2,0 ng/mL e um limite de deteccao de 0,8 ng/mL. Das 149 amostras de urina analisadas, 66,4% foram quantificaveis, com uma mediana de BPA total de 4,8 ng/mL (4,3 ng/mg de creatinina) e a media geometrica de 4,8 ng/mL (4,7 ng/mg de creatinina).
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Urine , Pregnancy/urine , Endocrine Disruptors , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Toxicology/statistics & numerical data , Food Industry , Health , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Food and Beverages , Pregnant Women , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , FoodABSTRACT
Resumen En la actualidad tanto el consumo de jugos, como de bebidas gaseosas, es muy común en la dieta diaria de la población infantil, estas ofrecen diferentes sabores, además de un alto contenido de azúcar. En este estudio se hizo un análisis de la capacidad buffer de la saliva ante la ingesta de diferentes tipos de bebidas consideradas saludables y no saludables. Se utilizaron dos tipos de instrumentos, un examen clínico aplicado a 62 estudiantes para determinar la prevalencia de caries según ICDAS y un segundo instrumento que consta de una tabla aplicada a los mismos 62 estudiantes con la finalidad de analizar la capacidad buffer de la saliva mediante la toma del pH a intervalos de 15, 35 y 45 minutos después de ingerir las bebidas. Como conclusión se obtuvo que para las bebidas consideradas no saludables el pH tardó más en neutralizarse, mientras que la bebida saludable logró su neutralización más rápido, con una baja prevalencia de caries.
Abstract Nowadays the consumption of juices, and soft drinks, is very common in the children's diet, they offer different flavours and a high content of sugar. In this study, an analysis of the buffer capacity of the saliva was made in view of the intake of different types of beverages considered healthy and unhealthy. Two types of instruments were used, a clinical test applied to 62 students to determine the prevalence of caries according to ICDAS and a second instrument that consists of a chart applied to the same 62 students with the purpose of analyzing the buffer capacity by taking the pH on intervals of 15, 35 and 45 minutes after drinking the beverages. As a conclusion, it was obtained that for the drinks considered unhealthy, the pH took longer to neutralize, while the healthy drink achieved its neutralization faster, with a low prevalence of caries.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Saliva/chemistry , Buffers , Food and Beverages/analysis , Dental Caries/chemically induced , Sugar-Sweetened Beverages/adverse effectsABSTRACT
la tendencia al consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados aumentó en Latinoamérica, y los factores sociales y económicos condicionan los hábitos alimentarios
the trend towards the consumption of ultraprocessed foods has increased in Latin America and the social and economic factors condition the eating habits
Subject(s)
Humans , Food Quality , Food and Beverages , Industrialized FoodsABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the application of good practices in hotel restaurants in Southern Brazil, relate these practices to the microbiological quality of the food offered, in addition to identifying contamination sources. The food and beverage sector of four hotels was evaluated by means of a checklist based on the Resolution 216/2014 of Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária and microbiological analyzes. Surface, utensil, equipment and handlers' hand samples were collected for coagulase positive Staphylococcus and thermotolerant coliform count. Isolates obtained from these culture counts were compared by band profiles obtained by rep-PCR. According to non-conformities observed, only one hotel was rated as excellent in good practices avaliation. Some microbiological analysis exceeded the allowed limit for the analyzed microorganism count, revealing failure in the hygiene-sanitary process. Genetic similarities between some food samples and handlers' hands and utensils were identified. These results showed inadequacies in the process of food care and handling which may compromise the quality of food offered to custumers.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Restaurants , Food Safety , Food Handling , Staphylococcus , Health Surveillance , /methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Food and Beverages , Coliforms , ChecklistABSTRACT
La competitividad en el rubro de la economía es un sinónimo de calidad, que permite a los empresarios buscar nuevas alternativas de negocio con un estándar que propicie entrar en una dinámica motivada por la demanda y oferta de productos y servicios. En esa línea este proyecto se enfoca en la búsqueda de información actualizada de las principales actividades que tienen las empresas de alimentos y bebidas del destino turístico Paseo El Carmen, de la ciudad de Santa Tecla, la cual permita hacer un análisis global de los indicadores que afectan los servicios que brindan. El trabajo realizado recopila datos importantes como la forma de administrar cada negocio, los protocolos de atención a los clientes y los procesos higiénicos en la preparación de alimentos de acuerdo con los estándares universales del rubro de alimentos y bebidas.
Competitiveness in the area of ââthe economy is a synonym of quality, which allows entrepreneurs to seek new business alternatives with a standard that encourages entering into a dynamic motivated by the demand and supply of products and services. In this line, this project focuses on the search for updated information on the main activities of the food and beverage companies of the tourist destination Paseo El Carmen, in the city of Santa Tecla, which allows a global analysis of the indicators that affect the services they provide. The work carried out collects important data such as how to manage each business, customer service protocols and hygienic processes in food preparation in accordance with universal standards in the food and beverage industry.
Subject(s)
Restaurants/organization & administration , Hotel Sanitation , Food Handling , Food Hygiene , Food and Beverages/standards , Total Quality ManagementABSTRACT
El cultivo de células animales in vitro es un área de la biotecnología que en actualidad avanza a pasos agigantados debido a su gran campo de acción; la investigación médica, estudio de efectos fármacos y ambientales, trasplantes de tejidos y cirugías reconstructivas, en técnicas de fusión y manipulación genética, productos y subproductos celulares. Y sus grandes ventajas y beneficios que comprende el uso de esta técnica como: su facilidad de recrear condiciones controladas para el desarrollo celular, el potencial para desarrollar investigación que permite trabajar en pequeña, media y gran escala en pequeña y gran escala, la alternativa al uso de animales, y la reducción de costos entre otros, desde los primeros ensayos de sobre vida de células fuera de organismos, hasta el establecimiento de las primeras líneas celulares, y ya en la actualidad modificación genética controlada de células, el desa-rrollo de medios de cultivo libres de suero y el desarrollo de medios de cultivo libres de componentes animales que se desarrollan con técnicas asépticas de trabajo y material específico. Que permiten brindar una solución real a muchas enfermedades, lesiones, y alteraciones a las cual está expuesto el hombre, de allí la importancia de conocer su historia y su posible prospección.
The in vitro cell culture animals is an area of biotechnology that currently making strides due to its large field of action; medical research, drug research and environmental effects, tissue transplants and reconstructive surgeries in fusion techniques and genetic engineering, cell products and byproducts. And its great advantages and benefits comprising the use of this technique as: ease of recreating controlled conditions for cellular development, the potential for developing research that can work in small, medium and large scale in small and large scale, the alternative to use of animals, and cost reduction among others, from the first tests on living cells outside agencies, until the establishment of the first cell lines, and already today GM controlled cells, the development of media serum-free culture media and development of animal-free culture components that develop with aseptic working techniques and specific material. They allow provide a real solution to many diseases, injuries and disorders to which man is exposed, hence the importance of knowing their history and possible exploration
Subject(s)
Animals , In Vitro Techniques , Cells , Food and BeveragesABSTRACT
O presente artigo tem como objeto a compreensão da regulação da publicidade infantil de alimentos e bebidas não alcoólicas no Brasil. Entende-se que essa discussão deve ser contextualizada no âmbito mais abrangente do direcionamento de publicidade de qualquer produto, serviço ou marca ao público menor de 12 anos de idade, tendo em vista que a publicidade de alimentos e bebidas é uma espécie de prática comercial considerada abusiva e, portanto, ilegal pelas normas brasileiras e por recomendações de organismos internacionais. A publicidade, ao se dirigir diretamente à criança, utiliza-se de sua hipervulnerabilidade, em função de seu desenvolvimento inconcluso, para persuadi-la ao consumo, violando direitos assegurados pela legislação, como o direito ao respeito que compreende a inviolabilidade física, psíquica e moral. Especificamente, a publicidade infantil de produtos alimentícios e bebidas não alcoólicas com baixos valores nutricionais, além de se utilizar da vulnerabilidade infantil, impacta diretamente o aumento das taxas de obesidade e sobrepeso infantis, tornando-se, assim, um problema de saúde pública importante a ser regulado. No Brasil, a regulação dessa atividade comercial ocorre dentro do contexto amplo da restrição do direcionamento da comunicação mercadológica às crianças, a qual vem sendo discutida intensamente em diversos âmbitos do Estado, inclusive por meio de ações judiciais que geraram histórico precedente no Superior Tribunal de Justiça, considerando abusiva e ilegal tal prática
The objective of this present article is to understand the regulation of food and non-alcoholic beverage advertising aimed at children in Brazil. It is argued that this discussion must be contextualized within the broader debate on advertising that targets children of less than 12 years of age, of any product, service or brand, given that the advertising of food and drinks to children is a species of the broader commercial practice of advertising, which is considered abusive and therefore illegal under Brazilian rules and by the recommendations of international organizations. Advertising directly to children utilizes their hyper-vulnerability and their unfinished development to persuade them to consume, violating their rights guaran-teed by law, such as the right to respect comprising physical, mental and moral inviolability. Specifically, advertising of food and non-alcoholic beverages with low nutritional value to children, in addition to leveraging children's vulnerability, directly impacts increasing rates of childhood and weight, therefore becoming an important public health issue to be regulated. In Brazil, the regulation of this commercial activity takes place within the broader context of restricting marketing communication directed at children under 12 years of age,, which has been discussed extensively at various state levels, including through lawsuits that generated a historical precedent in the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice, which considered ins his decision this practice to be abusive and, therefore, illegal
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Eating , Child Health , Food and Beverages , Marketing , Products Publicity Control , Food Publicity , Child Advocacy , Communications Media , Overweight , ObesityABSTRACT
Objetivo: analizar bebidas y alimentos de consumo frecuente para evaluar el pH, grados Brix (ºBx), efecto buffer a pH 5,5 y 7, y concentración de fosfatos, calcio y fluoruros. Materiales y métodos: en este estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, se evaluaron 438 alimentos, divididos en 18 grupos. Se analizó pH, capacidad Buffer a pH 5,5 y 7, grados Brix y concentración de fosfatos, de fluoruros y de calcio. Los datos fueron procesados por SPSS Statistics 20 (IBM Corp., Estados Unidos). Resultados: las gaseosas, el jugo en polvo para diluir, las aguas saborizadas y las bebidas isotónicas presntaron menor pH. El rango de sólidos solubles, expresado en grados Brix, fue de 0,05 a 15,9. El mayor valor de efecto buffer correspondió a los jugos: exprimido, en polvo, listo para consumir y para diluir. En este último, se halló mayor cantidad de fosfato. Sólo en las aguas minerales con gas se observaron fluoruros. El alimento de soja líquido natural presentó el mayor contenido de calcio. Concusiójn: las gaseosas, los jugos, las leches fermentadas y las bebidas isotónicas, resultaron ser ácidas, con bajo efecto buffer, alto valor de grados Brix y contener pocos factores protectores.
Aims: to analyze drinks and foods commonly consumedby evaluating pH, degrees Brix, buffer effect at pH 5.5 and 7.0and phosphate, calcium and fluoride concentration.Materials and methods: In this observational, descriptiveand cross-sectional study, 48 foods were evaluated,divided into 18 groups. pH, buffer capacity at 5.5 and 7, degreesBrix and phosphate, fluoride and calcium concentrationwere analyzed. The data were processed by SPSS Statistics 20(IBM Corp., USA).Results: Soda, juice powder to dilute, flavored water andsports drinks had lower pH. The range of soluble solids (degreesBrix) was from 0.05 to 15.9. The greatest value in buffereffect was in juices: squeezed, powdered, ready to consumeand to be diluted. The latter had a higher amount of phosphate.Only sparkling mineral waters showed detectable valuesfor fluorides. The liquid natural soy food had the highestcalcium content.Conclusion: Soft drinks, juices, fermentable milk, isotonicdrinks were found to be acidic, with lower buffer value,high Brix degrees and low in protective factors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Food and Beverages/analysis , Dental Caries/etiology , Risk Factors , Tooth Erosion , Breast-Milk Substitutes , Carbonated Beverages , Cross-Sectional Studies , Calcium/analysis , Fluorides/analysis , Phosphates/analysis , Juices , Mineral Waters , Soy Milk , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
Devido aos frequentes racionamentos no abastecimento de água da rede pública em Recife, os usuários passaram a adquirir com frequência água mineral envasada. Foram investigadas 23 diferentes marcas de águas minerais naturais, comercializadas em Recife. Os parâmetros de qualidade analisados neste estudo foram: coliformes totais e termotolerantes, nitrato, nitrito, cobre e manganês. Do total de amostras (n=23), dezesseis (16/23) apresentaram coliformes totais. Houve ausência de termotolerantes em todas as amostras analisadas. Nitrito e manganês apresentaram resultados superiores ao máximo permitido pela legislação vigente, em uma e três marcas, respectivamente. Esses resultados são preocupantes, pois representam risco à saúde da população.
Due to frequent rationing in public water supply in Recife, users began to acquire often bottled mineral water. Twenty three different brands of natural mineral water, sold in Recife were investigated. The quality parameters analyzed in this study were: total and thermotolerant coliforms, nitrate, nitrite, copper and manganese. Of the total sample (n = 23), sixteen (16/23) presented total coliforms. There was no thermotolerant in all samples analyzed. Nitrite, and manganese showed superior results to the maximum allowed by law, in one and three brands, respectively. These results are worrisome because they represent a risk to health.
Subject(s)
Enterobacteriaceae , Escherichia coli , Eutrophication , Mineral Waters/analysis , Mineral Waters/microbiology , Quality Control , Commercial Water Consumption , Food and BeveragesABSTRACT
Ultra-processed products are characterized by high contents of sugar, saturated fat and sodium. These products are entering the Colombian market through free trade agreements. One concern related to their consumption is the impact on weight gain and comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity, as well as changes in cultural habits and food sovereignty Scientific evidence has documented that consumption of ultra processed products contributes to chronic disease, thus increasing health care costs of treatment and rehabilitation. We must implement public policies that protect and inform the consumer, increasing the access and the right to a healthy diet, while reducing consumption of ultra-processed products such as sugar sweetened beverages and snacks. Inter-sectorial strategies are needed to face the potential purchasing and consumption patterns changes, promoting the development of food systems that recognize local dynamics of production. Increase control over the type and quality of ultra-processed products that are entering the country, and promote actions, along with food and nutrition education are also needed.
Los alimentos ultra-procesados se caracterizan por su alto contenido de azúcares, grasas saturadas y sodio. Estos alimentos están ingresando a Colombia por los Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLC). Una preocupación de su consumo es el impacto en la ganancia de peso progresiva y las comorbilidades asociadas al sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como el cambio de hábitos culturales y la soberanía alimentaria. La evidencia científica destaca que estos alimentos pueden generar enfermedades crónicas lo que incrementa los costos sanitarios debido al tratamiento y rehabilitación. Es necesario formular políticas públicas que protejan y orienten al consumidor, facilitando el acceso y el derecho a una alimentación saludable y mitigando el consumo de productos ultra-procesados como las bebidas azucaradas y los empaquetados. Se requieren estrategias y actores intersectoriales para hacer frente a los posibles cambios de compra y consumo, promover el desarrollo de sistemas alimentarios que reconozcan las dinámicas locales de producción. Realizar vigilancia y control sobre los productos ultra-procesados que ingresan al país y promover acciones de educación alimentaria y nutricional.
Subject(s)
Commerce , Nutrition Policy , Food and Beverages , Overweight , Prepared Foods , Fast Foods , Obesity , International CooperationABSTRACT
High intake of added sugars increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely used in many beverages and food products to reduce calories and sugar content. NNS have higher intensity of sweetness per gram than caloric sweeteners such as sucrose, corn syrup, and fruit juice concentrates. NNS approved for use have been tested and determined to be safe at levels that are within acceptable daily intake by the Joint Food Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives. The eight items of sweeteners are regulated as food additives in Korea. Dietary intake of the sweeteners was suggested as safety level by the ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2012. If substituted for caloric sweeteners without intake of additional calories from other food sources, NNS may help consumers limit carbohydrate and energy intake as a strategy to manage blood glucose and weight. Dietitians can provide guidance on the use of NNS that give the desired results in food preparation and use at the table.
Subject(s)
Agriculture , Blood Glucose , Carbohydrates , Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetes Mellitus , Energy Intake , Food Additives , Food and Beverages , Fruit , Joints , Korea , No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level , Non-Nutritive Sweeteners , Nutritionists , Obesity , Sucrose , Sweetening Agents , Zea maysABSTRACT
Since 1930s, production of synthetic plastics from non-renewable resources (mainly from petroleum) has been growing with applications in different fields. The use of plastics in packaging began after World War II. Polyethylene films introduced transparent and resealable bags, being the bread bags the first application of contact with food. Nowadays, packaging is the largest single market for plastics (about a quarter of the total production) with a high proportion used for direct contact with foods (1). Polymers and low molecular weight additives compose the plastics, where the latter are necessary to maintain the plastic properties (2). During the late-1970s and early-1980s there was a number of publications reporting that small molecules diffused through the polymer chains in the plastic and moved to the contained food by means of a process called migration (3, 4). This kind of interaction between plastic packaging and food opened a new research field, and many materials were analysed for migration. Also, the identity and quantification of the diffusion rate of the migrants were reported, and legislation was established in order to protect the health of consumers who were not aware about the plastic components contaminating their food (5). The beginning of the 21 Century brought new analytical technologies that helped to quantify migration levels that were not able to be detected with the 20 Century technologies. The researchers working in that field concluded at some point that the interaction between plastic and food exist in all the cases, and could be limited but not completely avoided.
Subject(s)
Humans , Technology , Food and BeveragesABSTRACT
Introdução - A obesidade é um problema de Saúde Pública no Brasil, onde segundo a Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2008-2009 uma em cada três crianças de 5 a 9 anos está acima do peso. No ano de 2010 a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) regulamentou a propaganda de alimentos e criou regras contra abusos nos anúncios para crianças, processo iniciado em 2004 que gerou grande interesse da mídia nacional, especialmente dos jornais impressos. A resolução da ANVISA, no entanto, não está em vigor em razão de ordens judiciais obtidas pelo setor atingido pela regulamentação. Objetivo - Verificar se a regulamentação da propaganda de alimentos ultraprocessados para crianças influenciou os discursos sobre o risco de obesidade infantil veiculados na mídia brasileira, especificamente nos jornais diários. Métodos - Estudo de natureza qualitativa, descritiva e analítica, realizado sob a perspectiva da construção social do risco e por meio de levantamento da cobertura jornalística sobre a regulamentação realizada pelo jornal Folha de S. Paulo, entre os anos de 2004 e 2012. Uma amostra do material coletado foi descrita para análise do enquadramento do tema na mídia e em seguida submetemos à Análise do Discurso Crítica textos publicados anteriormente e posteriormente à regulamentação. Resultados - Foram localizados 184 textos em 143 edições, média de 23 textos por ano, e em 17 editorias. Dos textos, 28% foram publicados como opinião e 55% indicavam posição contrária à regulamentação pelo Estado. O maior número de textos sobre a regulamentação ocorreu após sua publicação e 40% das fontes ouvidas pelo jornal em reportagens tinham ligação com o mercado atingido pela regulamentação estatal e contrário a sua efetivação. Quanto mais perto o País parecia estar de uma regulamentação estatal, mais o enquadramento distanciava-se do olhar da saúde pública e aproximava-se do olhar do mercado. Houve deslocamento dos discursos sobre obesidade infantil do campo de saúde pública para o campo da liberdade de expressão. Conclusão - A regulamentação da propaganda de alimentos infantis ultraprocessados pelo governo brasileiro influenciou os discursos sobre obesidade infantil veiculados na mídia. Houve deslocamento dos discursos sobre obesidade infantil para o campo de discussões sobre a liberdade de expressão na publicidade.
Obesity is a Public Health problem in Brazil, where one in three children are fat according to a national survey. In 2010 the National Agency of Sanitary Security released a regulation on the advertisement of food and created rules to protect children. The whole process started in 2004 with great attention from the press. Nowadays the regulation is not valid because of a decision from the brazilian Justice. We aim to evaluate the construction of the obesity risk in the childhood and changes in the discourse about obesity after this regulation using the framing theory and the Analysis of Critical Discourse in texts about the regulation published in the Folha de S. Paulo newspaper. In 184 texts about the regulations checked, 28% where opinions and 55% of this were against the regulation. The most of the texts were published after 2010 and 40% of the surveys were person from the market who was the regulation's target. When the regulation was about to be released the news framing was more favorable to the market. The discourse on child obesity was moved from the Public Health area to the Market area, which main issue is the freedom in the communications of the market.